{"id":860,"date":"2016-01-12T15:11:58","date_gmt":"2016-01-12T21:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jmcristobal.com.mx\/?p=32"},"modified":"2022-03-14T23:34:05","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T06:34:05","slug":"direcciones-ipv4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ec2-52-7-70-250.compute-1.amazonaws.com\/es\/2016\/01\/12\/direcciones-ipv4\/","title":{"rendered":"IPv4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">El Protocolo de Internet versi\u00f3n 4 (IPv4) ofrece direccionamiento jer\u00e1rquico para paquetes que transportan datos, video, etc. Como se mencion\u00f3 anteriormente esta basado en el sistema num\u00e9rico binario, s\u00f3lo comprendido de 1\u2019s y 0\u2019s, las definiciones y ejemplos que utilizaremos para explicar IPv4 est\u00e1n dise\u00f1adas para comprenderlas de manera f\u00e1cil y sencilla, sin embargo, sino tienes conocimiento de como funciona el c\u00f3digo binario te recomendamos que investigues un poco sobre este sistema para complementarlo.<\/p>\n<p>Para la comprensi\u00f3n de este art\u00edculo es necesario tener en cuenta los siguientes t\u00e9rminos b\u00e1sicos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bit:<\/strong> acr\u00f3nimo de Binary Digit, Bit es un d\u00edgito del sistema binario que puede representar s\u00f3lo dos valores, dichos valores son el 0 o el 1.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Byte:<\/strong> es un grupo o conjunto de 8 bits<\/li>\n<li><strong>Octet:<\/strong> otra forma de nombrar un Byte.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>IPv4 fue implementada por primera vez en 1983 para el funcionamiento de ARPA y est\u00e1 definida en el RFC 791, donde se especifica que las direcciones IPv4 constan de 32 bits cada una, por ejemplo:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><span lang=\"es-CR\">11000000 10101000 00000001 00000001<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Como se puede apreciar en la l\u00edne anterior est\u00e1 representada una direci\u00f3n Ipv4, desgraciadamente la comprensi\u00f3n y entendimiento de esa serie de ceros y unos es compleja de recordarla y manipularla, por tal motivo se utiliza un formato decimal punteado para representarla, los patrones binarios que representan direcciones IPv4 son expresados con puntos decimales separando cada byte del patr\u00f3n binario, llamado octeto, con un punto. Se le llama octeto debido a que cada n\u00famero decimal representa un byte u 8 bits.<\/p>\n<p>Con este formato la direcci\u00f3n ip anterior quedar\u00eda de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span lang=\"es-CR\">192.168.1.1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Para entender completamente las direcciones IPv4 es necesario conocer la conversi\u00f3n de C\u00f3digo Binario a Decimal y viceversa.<\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Comprendiendo la estructura de las IPv4 y su conversi\u00f3n de binario a decimal y viciversa, vamos a explorar los tipos de direcciones que se encuentran dentro del rango de direcciones de cada red IPv4, existen tres tipos de direcciones:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Network address:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0La direcci\u00f3n de red es una manera est\u00e1ndar de hacer referencia a una red. Por ejemplo: se podr\u00eda hacer referencia a la red 10.0.0.0  \u00e9sta es una manera mucho m\u00e1s conveniente y descriptiva de referirse a la red que utilizando un t\u00e9rmino como \u201cla primera red\u201d. Todos los hosts de la red 10.0.0.0 tendr\u00e1n los mismos bits de red. Dentro del rango de direcci\u00f3n IPv4 de una red, la direcci\u00f3n m\u00e1s baja se reserva para la direcci\u00f3n de red. Esta direcci\u00f3n tiene un 0 para cada bit de host en la porci\u00f3n de host de la direcci\u00f3n.\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Broadcast address:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0La direcci\u00f3n de broadcast IPv4 es una direcci\u00f3n especial para cada red que permite la comunicaci\u00f3n a todos los host en esa red. Para enviar datos a todos los hosts de una red, un host puede enviar un solo paquete dirigido a la direcci\u00f3n de broadcast de la red. La direcci\u00f3n de broadcast utiliza la direcci\u00f3n m\u00e1s alta en el rango de la red. \u00c9sta es la direcci\u00f3n en la cual los bits de la porci\u00f3n de host son todos 1. Para la red 10.0.0.0 con 24 bits de red, la direcci\u00f3n de broadcast ser\u00eda 10.0.0.255. A esta direcci\u00f3n se la conoce como broadcast dirigido.\n<p><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Host addresses:\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Como se describe anteriormente, cada dispositivo final requiere una direcci\u00f3n \u00fanica para enviar un paquete a dicho host. En las direcciones IPv4, se asignan los valores entre la direcci\u00f3n de red y la direcci\u00f3n de broadcast a los dispositivos en dicha red.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) offers hierarchical addressing for packets carrying data, video, etc. As mentioned above, it is based on <\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[276,344,462],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.13 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>IPv4 - JMCristobal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jmcristobal.com\/es\/2016\/01\/12\/direcciones-ipv4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IPv4 - 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